2013年美赛论文写作全攻略之怎么写摘要
的有关信息介绍如下：
摘要是分值比重最高的部分，摘要怎么写？抓住重点吸引读者？
问题的重述
a. 介绍重点词开头：
例1：“Hand move” irrigation, a cheap but labor-intensive system used on small farms, consists of a movable pipe with sprinkler on top that can be attached to a stationary main.
例2:……is a real-life common phenomenon with many complexities.
例3：An (effective plan) is crucial to………
b. 直接指出问题：
例 1：We find the optimal number of tollbooths in a highway toll-plaza for a given number of highway lanes: the number of tollbooths that minimizes average delay experienced by cars.
例2：A brand-new university needs to balance the cost of information technology security measures with the potential cost of attacks on its systems.
例3：We determine the number of sprinklers to use by analyzing the energy and motion of water in the pipeand examining the engineering parameters of sprinklers available in the market.
例4: After mathematically analyzing the …… problem, our modeling group would like to present our conclusions, strategies, (and recommendations )to the …….
例5：Our goal is... that (minimizes the time )………
解决这个问题的伟大意义
反面说明。如果没有……
Without implementing defensive measure, the university is exposed to an expected loss of $8.9 million per year.
总的解决概述
a．通过什么方法解决什么问题
例：We address the problem of optimizing amusement park enjoyment through distributing Quick Passes (QP), reservation slips that ideally allow an individual to spend less time waiting in line.
b．实际问题转化为数学模型
例1 We formulate the problem asa network flow in which vertices are the locations of escorts and wheelchair passengers.
例2 : A naïve strategy would be to employ the minimum number of escorts to guarantee that all passengers reach their gates on time.
c.将问题分阶段考虑
例3：We divide the jump into three phases: flying through the air, punching through the stack, and landing on the ground.
在什么模型中/ 建立了什么模型
a. 主流模型
例1：We formulate a differential model to account for the rates of change of these uses, and how this change would affect the overall consumption of water within the studied region.
例2:We examined the mathematical effects of……. We developed a detailed …… (simulation methodology) to test our ideas and to quantify the differences between (among) different …… (strategies).
例3：Based on (write your basis .such as the theory of supply and demand), we establish a model (such as differential equation system that includes demand, supply).
例4：To (write the aims), we establish a criterion (write the criterion).
b. 模型非主流
例5：We build a model to determine how to lay out the pipe each time the equipment is moved.
例6：We determine …………
例7：We build a model to determine……….
例8：We formulate a model for………By analyzing …and examining…..
分析模型（使用什么数据，怎么做，一般三句话）
a. 写历史数据
例1：Using historical data from theUnited States, we determine initial conditions for our model.
b. 写计算机模拟
例1：this model leads to a computer simulation of catch-can tests of the irrigation system and ……
例2:Software packing reaches………by calculating and comparing………..
c. 运用数据模拟
例1：to ground this model in reality, we incorporate extensive demographic data and run……
例2：We fit the modified model to data (such as 1970-2003.). We conclude that (write the last conclude).
d. 讲详细分析
例1：We physically characterize the system that…
例2：We provide a strategy (write the logical strategy).
例3：The …model is (efficient, intuitive, and flexible) and could be applied to…
例4：To meet the needs of people today without, we establish a criterion of rational(合理的标准) oil allocation(分配).
总结该模型的结果/得到什么结论
a. 说明不是最优但能产生作用
例：We show that this strategy is not optimal but can be improved by assigning different numbers……
b. 说明如果用这个模型，结果如何
例1：If Delta Airlines were to utilize the naïve strategy atAtlantaInternationalAirport, the cost would be ……
例2：We modify the model to reflect (some trend such as exponentially increasing……) and generalize the model to (other field).
例3：Our results are summarized in the formula for the optimal number Bof tollbooths for
c．通过其上情况的列举得到的结论
例：For various situations, we propose an optimal solution.
d. 得出了结论
例1：we elicit that a conclusion.
例2：We conclude with a series of recommendations for how best to…
e.进一步说明其他因素对模型的影响
例：In addition to the model, we also discuss policies for …..
f.用真实数据检验模型
例:To demonstrate how our model works, we apply it to ………..
最后一段：写总的结论
a. 说明结论的可行性
例：Our suggested solution, which is easy to implement, includes a detailed timetable and the arrangement of pipes.
b.说明算法的广泛性
例1：Our algorithm is broad enough to accommodate various airport concourses, flight schedules, and flight delays.
例2：Our analysis began by determining what factor impact……, Our conclusions are presented……
c.说明模型可用于其他领域
例：Since our model is based on…… it can be applied to (other domain).
其他（承上启下的连接词/常用词组）
例:In addition to the model, we also discuss……
引言部分
（1）回顾研究背景，常用词汇有review, summarize, present, outline, describe等
（2）说明写作目的，常用词汇有purpose, attempt, aim等，另外还可以用动词不定式充当目的状语来表达
（3）介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围，常用词汇有study, present, include, focus, emphasize, emphasis, attention等
方法部分
（1）介绍研究或试验过程，常用词汇有test study, investigate, examine, experiment, discuss, consider, analyze, analysis等
（2）说明研究或试验方法，常用词汇有measure, estimate, calculate等
（3）介绍应用、用途，常用词汇有等
结果部分
（1）展示研究结果，常用词汇有show, result, present等
（2）介绍结论，常用词汇有summary, introduce, conclude等
讨论部分
（1）陈述论文的论点和作者的观点，常用词汇有suggest, repot, present, expect, describe等
（2）说明论证，常用词汇有等support, provide, indicate, identify, find, demonstrate, confirm, clarify
（3）推荐和建议，常用词汇有suggest, suggestion, recommend, recommendation, propose, necessity, necessary, expect等。
critical 至关重要的
algorithm 运算法则
a method of evaluating 评价方法
appropriate 近似的
consider 考虑
configurations 布局
optimal 统一的
maximize 使…最大化
strategy 策略
parameter 参数，主要的决定因素
accuracy 精确性
strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点
contact 相关的
contract 建立，构造
calculate 计算
establish 建立
formula 公式
modify 改进
rational 合理的
countermeasure 对策
criterion 标准，准则
好的摘要还有不断的修改，多让人看看找问题。
